Communication Technology in Business Research Paper

Correspondence Technology in Business - Research Paper Example  Businesses that don't keep up satisfactory correspondences frameworks face noteworthy breakdowns wastefulness, social turn of events, consumer loyalty, and even benefit. This is the reason associations require arranging and execution of interchanges innovations to guarantee that business chiefs and bolster representatives can contend in a quickly globalizing business world. Correspondences advancements accommodate moment interchanges and continuous information move, accordingly making increasingly unsurprising business frameworks and furthermore better information trade. The capacity to speak with authoritative representatives, chiefs, and administrators enormously improve the capacity to meet vision and mission objectives related with the business. In human services, particularly, correspondences advances improve tolerant mind and furthermore stay away from mistakes that can cost the association significant benefits. Innovation in correspondence has changed the manner in which or ganizations speak with one another. Electronic gatherings, Personal PDA’s, E-mail, Internet talk rooms and distributed computing are basic for keeping our business feasible in today’s becoming mechanical world. This report features the requirement for correspondences advances at our human services office to improve our remaining as a world-class wellbeing focus. The expenses of building up age-old advancements to improve business work as impressive. Composed specialized techniques are obsolete and regularly include impressive administration to guarantee that composed records are conveyed opportune and precisely. Further, composed documentation puts a lot of strain on the earth and along these lines turns into a social obligation issue for this wellbeing firm. As of now, attendants and doctors depend on documentation for persistent dosing, outlined investigation of patient consideration and indications, and furthermore official updates portraying new human services appr oaches. It is wasteful and doesn't serve the requirements of this medicinal services community. More seasoned correspondences advances, for example, TV based preparing programs utilized in HR, require huge expenses for execution of fiber-optic lines, show screens, and the expenses of creating multi-media recordings. This medicinal services office has depended on these ancient frameworks for a really long time and it has significantly upset benefit as it identifies with operational budget.â â

CW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

CW - Essay Example ased on the examination and research, a through end has been made to give an unmistakable understanding into whether the activity instabilities in UK are a legend or a reality. The following area will give a short diagram of the UK work scene. As observed on the National Statistics site, the country’s joblessness rate for the quarter paving the way to June 2010 was accounted for to be 7.8% which was noted to be somewhere around 0.2% (National Statistics, 2010). The quantity of jobless individuals additionally tumbled to 2.46 million during this period. The reports show that there was a fall in the quantity of individuals jobless as long as a year had fallen by 82000 and this arrived at a degree of 1.66 million. Anyway considering the quantity of individuals who were jobless for a time of a year or more, unmistakably the quantity of individuals who were jobless was a lot higher and this expanded by very nearly 33,000 to arrive at 796,000. This has been recorded to be the most noteworthy figure since March 1997 (National Statistics, 2010). The diagram underneath gives an away from into the present pattern of the joblessness rate in the nation. In the course of the most recent two years it has been seen that the legislature alongside the assistance of the Bank of England have had the option to improve the development of UK. It is to be noticed that the Government has kept on taking a great deal of endeavors to fabricate various projects which would enable the nation to support its financial exhibition and guarantee development of work inside the nation. The outcomes have fluctuated. The following area will manage the employer stability and instability that is looked in the nation. With the present downturn that has been looked by the nation, there has been a significant effect on the work of individuals the nation over. Joblessness rate assumes a significant job in the large scale financial matters of a nation. The joblessness pace of a nation assists macroeconomists with breaking down the quantity of individuals who are a piece of the pool of work anyway can't look for some kind of employment. It has been noted from past

The Mysterious Nature of Faith - Free Essay Example

In our daily life, we can hear people say that they have faith in something. But what on earth is faith? Generally, people may consider faith as religious beliefs. However, does having faith just mean believing in god? Or perhaps it has deeper implication? Do people voluntarily have faith or not? Throughout the history, many scholars and philosophers have tried to define the exact meaning of faith. Based on their solid foundation, I argue that faith is a kind of volitional belief, emotion of admiration and feeling of trust. Having faith means people use their volition to believe in and admire evidence that they think is true. On the other hand, it is about trusting our senses, emotions and perceptions so that we can continue to believe in other things in the world. Before getting straight to my point, lets start with the very beginning. Does having faith merely mean believing in God? In 1200s, a philosopher named Aquinas explained the existence of God in a rational way. He raised five ways, arguments from change, causation, contingency, degrees of excellence, and harmony, to demonstrate his statement. Lets go deeper into some of the ways he claimed. At first, in the argument from causation, Aquinas said that nothing can cause itself. There is no infinite causal chain in the universe. In this condition, there must have a first cause because there will be no intermediate causes or ultimate effect without the first cause. And there is necessarily a first cause that is called God. On the other hand, the argument from harmony, or design, is more controversial. According to Aquinas, nature is not intelligent but seems to behave in regular and goal-oriented ways. Everything is governed harmoniously. Why? He explained that it is because nature must be guided by something with lots of intelligence and that intelligent leader is God. Opponents drastically refuted that the universe or nature forms randomly. There is also a multi-universe theory that there thousands of universe and our universe is only one of them. Anyway, we cant really judge the authenticity of Aquinass arguments, but they can really make us ponder what faith is exactly. For a long time, people equated faith with religious beliefs. From his point of view, there are rational proofs of existence of God. Its really odd that by the time we believe some sound arguments and conclusions we have faith. Thus, it looks like faith is something other than belief in God. If faith doesnt mean belief in God, what can it be? Maybe faith is simply the same as belief? But what is belief? Universally, philosophers consider that belief has some special traits. First, belief is dispositional. It is similar to our unconscious behavior. For instance, we have the belief that water can quench peoples thirst. As we feel thirsty, we are disposed to look for water. Second, belief is involuntary. We spontaneously form the beliefs that we viewed as right and trustworthy in our minds. We cannot choose to believe things that are ridiculous to us. For example, in a rainy day, I cannot brainwash myself to form the belief that today is a sunny day. I can say those words but my behavior reveals that I do not really believe this. My behavior that I bring my umbrella is the evidence that I actually believe it is raining. Last but not least, belief is truth-tracking. It is easy to understand because people are all truth-tracking mechanisms. We always want to seek for the trut h and get things right. We use our perception and see from others to form our own beliefs. Our beliefs are likely to be wrong but we subjectively consider them as true. So how is faith related to belief? In the 4th century, Augustine came up with an argument that belief is a volitional content. Volitional means in your power. You may question that isnt belief involuntary? Maybe belief in his words is similar to so-called faith. Then, it seems that belief and faith are not exactly the same. In other words, faith may be a special kind of belief. Think it that way: having faith is more similar to believing in rather than believing. Believing in something means people choose to believe according to their will, while believing is involuntary. For example, when people believe in God, they not only believe the existence of God, they also pray and have special rituals to show their piety. Therefore, faith is more appropriate to be defined as believing in. Nevertheless, does believing in sound like trust? Trust may be relevant to faith as well. In 2006, Linda Zagzebski from University of Oklahoma put forward that self-trust is necessary for forming our conscientious beliefs. She stated that we need to trust our emotions. The importance of emotion is that it evaluates the situation. For example, fear tells us that something is dangerous and harmful to us. She explained faith by emphasizing on the emotion of admiration. When we admire someone, we actually consider that something about them is worthy of imitation and is a better version of ourselves. Then, we begin to compare which version of ourselves is better, the current one or the admirable one. On the one hand, we may feel that the admirable version is indeed a better version, which leads to convert. One the other hand, we think that there is something in our current version that is admirable. Then, we dont convert. So the main point of Zagzebski is that faith is not just about forming right beliefs, but it relates to our emotional lives. It is about trusting ourselves and about how we think and feel. We always say that we should have faith in love. Now, we have the understanding that we are not only faithful to the person we love but also faithful to a certain version of ourselves. The purpose of having a relationship with others is not just to find a person you can accompany, but to become a better version of ourselves. It seems that we have reached an agreement that faith have something in common with belief and trust. However, the discussion about nature of faith doesnt come to an end. In early to mid-20th Century, Sartre, a philosopher who advocated for existentialism, came up with a notion called bad faith. According to Sartre, we always have faith in something. We need faith to sustain our identity. What matters is that faith can be good faith or bad faith. What is bad faith? First, he stated that there are two aspects of human condition, facticity and transcendence. Facticity is a set of facts that cannot be altered. It is fixed. Transcendence is something that goes beyond the given. It is a function of consciousness. Consciousness always exceeds the facticity of current situation. In Sartres words, consciousness negates the present and brings negation or nothingness. Take a bottle for example; we can only see one side of the bottle at any position. However, we recognize it is a bottle of water because we use our consciousness to look things as if they had more sides. Our consciousness is always negating the given circumstances. For bad faith, it is the denial of some aspects of one human condition. When people deny their transcendence, they always deny their freedom and potentiality. They are constrained by their current situation. For example, some students always say that they do something because their parents let them do. This is a kind of bad faith because they deny the transcendence. They have the freedom to do something else but they dont. When people deny their facticity, they overestimate their freedom. It is a delusional thinking. In his book Being and Nothingness, he says that Bad faith does not hold the norms and criteria of truth as they are accepted by the critical thought of good faith. Bad faith and good faith are both certain ways of interpreting evidence. People with bad faith are aware of the evidence but refuse to pay attention to it. They only stick to their own evidence and ignore any counter-arguments. In contrast, good faith is a kind of critical thinking. People who believe something in good faith continuously open to new evidence in the basis of their evidence. They do not have certainties in their current beliefs and leave room for doubt. Based on predecessors theory, it is not difficult to understand my argument of the nature of faith. Faith is a kind of voluntary belief and admiration in something. To have faith, a person needs to trust his perception, memory and emotion; otherwise, he can doubt his faith. Now we can see faith in a deeper level. Having faith not only means being faithful to someone or something, but also means being faithful to certain version of ourselves. In order to become a better version of ourselves, we should always embrace new evidence and leave room from doubt. We shouldnt constrain ourselves in the current situation and believe our existing beliefs with certainties but go beyond what is. That is the purpose of having faith. As for Coates memoir, many people may think he had a bad faith. In the book, Coates considered black people as victims forced by U.S history. According to him, the social status of the black is fixed. It seems that it is a kind of bad faith because he understood his self-identity strictly in terms of his race, which denied his transcendence. But that is not true. He did write the book to encourage his son and people who read his book to struggle against the injustice in the country. He experienced the death of his colleague Prince Jones who was killed by a rampant policeman. Prince Jones was such a good Christian, scion of a striving class, in his words, but still died from shooting. For his death, Coates felt extremely irritated and hopeless. In his age, he was impossible to do radical revolts to overturn the discrimination in American culture. Thus, his book is a commitment to the future and a reminder to later generations. Furthermore, in the book, he shows strong sense of hatred towards the Dreamers. Dreamers fully believed the American Dream. However, they pursue their dream by freely plundering the bodies of human and earth. The policy of Dreamers created the tragedies in Chicago, Baltimore, and so on. It is these Dreamers who lack authentic self-understandings, trampled over black people and endangered the planet. Perhaps, this is a kind of bad faith. Coates did not blindly believe this kind of American Dream. For him, the real American Dream is that we all sober up, project our real self-identity and realize who we are exactly. His good faith is perfectly embodied in his dream. Work Cited Jean-Paul Sartre, Bad Faith, Being and Nothingness, Philosophical Library, in English, 1956. Print Ta-Nehisi Coates, Between the World and Me, New York: Spiegel Grau, 2015. print

William Shakespeare s Hamlet As A Play That Contains...

â€Å"To be, or not to be: that is the question† (Shakespeare 3.1.56). Audiences know Shakespeare’s Hamlet as a play that contains frequent meditations on suicide, yet despite suicide’s obvious religious connections, audiences do not often consider how religion as a whole functions within the play. This lack of awareness partially results from the subtlety of many of Hamlet’s religious elements. Through his religious references and the resulting emphasis on the gravity of the sins of murder and suicide, Shakespeare clarifies the contradictory attitude given to these sins and illuminates that the characters practice religion inconsistently and hypocritically because their concern is ultimately for their reputation in a Christian world rather than truly for their religion. Shakespeare relies on allusions to demonstrate to his audience that Christian morals rule the world of Hamlet and that steep penalties exist for those who disobey these rules. For example, during one of Ophelia’s grief fueled rants in Act 4, she tells Claudius: â€Å"Well, God dild you! They say the owl was a/baker’s daughter. Lord, we know what we are, but/know not what we may be. God be at your table!† (Shakespeare 4.5.42-44). Although Ophelia’s remark clearly references religion, as evidenced by her references to God, the exact meaning of her words requires knowledge about her biblical allusion. She references a religious tale about a baker’s daughter who God turned into an owl for refusing to give bread. ThisShow MoreRelated The Politics of Contemporary Approaches to Shakespeare Essay3166 Words   |  13 PagesAbstract Postmodern performance of Shakespeare, particularity in film, is characterized by a subjective experience within the play not an objective experience from the play. Under postmodernism, Shakespeare undergoes theorizing, deconstruction, displacement or death of the author, textual criticism, and cultural and political relativism but fails to produce solid answers. Postmodern Shakepseare does not offer new meanings but new and more possibilities for contemplating meaning. This fails bothRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Essay Current Market Conditions - 958 Words

Current Market Conditions Team B Gladys Arroyo, Antoinetthe, Sonja Cynel, Adriana Cedant and Sandra Florez ECO/365 Principles of Microeconomics University of Phoenix 4/26/2008 Market Structure of the Carbonated Drinks Industry The carbonated drink industry is a very extensive worldwide and has also encouraged an increase in similar industries such as the packaging field that handles the production of cans, glass, and plastic bottles for example, and at the same time is generating significant revenue for additional service industries like advertising. The carbonated drink industry consists of the raw material retailers and providers. Most of the time, the larger beverage firms have leading positions in the†¦show more content†¦When launching into this industry the new product needs to be admired by consumers, retailers and wholesalers. The advertising campaign must be able to convince merchants and retailers to stock the new brand. With the existence of Coca Cola, Pepsi and Cadbury Schweppes the new brand will have to compete for shelf space. These top competitors have already established a strong image in the customer’s mind. Merchants or retailers will acquire many risks in dedicat ing shelf space to the new brand. Therefore, the new brand or product must be able to provide compensation for space. Price elasticity of demand Elasticity plays an important part when carbonated soft drink when companies are trying to determine how to price its product, and order attributes. These companies will need to understand how quantity responds to a change in price in order to achieve their revenue and margin goals. This research can be collected from customers, products, and competition. With more decisions that consumers can pick from, pricing will have a larger effect on the quantity demanded by the consumer. 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Rules and Regulations free essay sample

Every university has a set of rules and regulations to be followed by the students. Students are obligated to follow the rules or else there is an equivalent punishment for every violation. In Feati University, the students have certain sets of rules to be followed. Recently, the Administration in FEATI University has strictly implemented the new school uniform regulations, resulting to an increase on the number of students who violate the University’s dress code.Because of this, many students voiced out their concerns and sentiments. Terno (2008) stated that each student has the right to express their style and trends. However, the administration did not put into account the difficulty on the students’ side to comply with such requirement. This research focuses on the reasons why first year students keep on violating school regulations. Moreover many emphasized that the dress code is a crucial part in entering the school campus even the working students are also required to abide the newly implemented dress code. We will write a custom essay sample on Rules and Regulations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Statement of the Problem To determine what is the main reason why first year students keep on violating the new implemented dress code assigned by the university. 1. Contrast of the previous dress code from the new one. 1. 1Restriction 1. 2Limitation 1. 3Implication 2. Is the newly implemented dress code of Feati University is too strict? Significance of the Study It will enable the administration of Feati University to know the reasons why students keep on violating the implemented dress code.To make the university aware of the problem so that they may come up with a solution to lessen the percentage of students that keep on violating the implemented dress code. It will enable the students to minimize the number of violations they might commit by informing them of the penalties and for them avoid committing violations. Scope and Delimitation This study focuses in determining the reasons why first year students keep on violating the new implemented dress code by Feati University. This study is delimited to the first year students from varying departments in Feati University in determining why they violate the dress code.

The Effects of Autotune on the Music Industry Essay Example

The Effects of Autotune on the Music Industry Essay Throughout the years, musicians and artists have used many different techniques in order to make themselves sound different and to sell records. Quite recently, many musicians and artists have been using a pitch correcting program called Autotune. One rapper/hip-hop artist, T-Pain, is mainly responsible for transforming the use of Autotune. Autotune was first invented in 1997 by Dr. Harold â€Å"Andy† Hildebrand. Dr. Hildebrand founded Antares Audio Technologies in 1990 after working as a research scientist for Exxon from 1976 until 1989, when he realized that the same technology he used to detect oil reserves in the sea floor could also be used to correct a singer’s unruly notes. After leaving Exxon, Hildebrand created a program called Infinity, which allowed musicians and producers to created endless loops of multiple instruments in samples. Due to the success Infinity had attained, the Dr. had decided to move on to his next task at hand. In 1997, Auto-Tune was released. Auto-Tune was a program designed to fix and correct pitch problems in not only singers, but other musicians who played instruments as well. The release of the program gained instant notoriety, as Auto-Tune became an instant phenomenon and grew to become the largest-selling plug-in of all time (www. antarestech. com). Auto-Tune is based on â€Å"phase vocoding technology†, which is an analysis-synthesis algorithm. The software detects the pitch of the voice of the singer or the instrument of the artist, analyzes the pitch along with the overtones and content, and then autocorrects the notes to the desired/correct pitch (www. ow-to-guide. net). In the years following the development and release of Auto-Tune, there wasn’t much commercial use of the product. The first big hit to feature the use of Auto-Tune was Cher’s â€Å"Believe† in 1998 (Blame Cher). Since then, many prominent artists have featured the use of Auto-Tune, such as Kanye West, Lady GaGa, Ke$ha , and of course, T-Pain. About ten years before the release of Auto-Tune, a young boy by the name of Faheem Rasheed Najm was born in Tallahassee, Florida. This young boy would later grow up to become better known as his stage name, T-Pain. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Autotune on the Music Industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Autotune on the Music Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Autotune on the Music Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the winter of 2005, T-Pain released his debut album â€Å"Rappa Ternt Sanga† and it debuted at #40 on the Billboard 200, dropping some, and then eventually climbing up to #33 over the next few weeks. Since then, T-Pain has released a total of 3 full length albums and has produced many hits for himself, as well as producing many hits for other rappers and artists. He has been nominated for many awards, and has won 13 (www. t-pain. net). In September of 2009, Smule introduced and released the â€Å"I am T-Pain† application in the app store for download on all iPhones. The application allows its user to simply talk into the microphone and record messages, notes, or even record songs over pre-recorded beats and then Auto-Tune your voice and send your messages to friends (www. iamtpain. smule. com). After Cher’s â€Å"Believe† in 1998, Auto-Tune went out of fashion and no artists were using it. In 2003, back when T-Pain was a little-known artist, he was recording a song in the studio when he put Auto-Tune on his voice. In an article from Time. com, T-Pain said that â€Å"It just worked for my voice†¦ And there wasn’t anyone else doing it. Years have passed since T-Pain’s first experiments with Auto-Tune, and much has changed since then. Since T-Pain’s â€Å"Rappa Ternt Sanga† debuted in 2005, he has had 12 singles in the top 10, dozens on award nominations, and serves as the inspiration behind much of the music of many artists we listen to and love today. While Kanye West was recording his hit album â⠂¬Ëœ808s and Heartbreak’ Kanye flew T-Pain to Hawaii to find out ways that Auto-Tune could be tweaked and manipulated to find new ways of singing. P Diddy offered T-Pain a percentage of the profits off of his next album if T-Pain would give him lessons on how to use Auto-Tune. T-Pain also says of Auto-Tune that â€Å"†¦You can use it to change the mood of a record†. This is most prominent in Kanye West’s â€Å"808s and Heartbreak†, in which he uses the same Auto-Tune effect that T-Pain uses on his hit single â€Å"Chopped N Skrewed† to produce a ghost-like and cold aura that branded the album as one of the year’s best (www. time. com). Although T-Pain started Auto-Tuning his voice because nobody else was doing it and he wanted to sound different, nowadays it seems that just about everybody sounds the same. â€Å"It used to make me sound different†¦ Now I sound like everybody else again† said T-Pain (The New Tune). In response to the sudden explosion of artists that are using Auto-Tune, T-Pain said that people need to start paying him respect – and paying him literally – for their use of Auto-Tune. T-Pain said that other artists are ruining the use of Auto-Tune and that it’s basically over for them unless they start to pay up (www. mtv. com). While many people may criticize and ridicule the use of Auto-Tune and talk about how it is â€Å"ruining† the music industry by leading people to believe that recording artists are pitch-perfect, there is one thing that nobody can deny; it sells records. And there is nothing that musicians and artists want to do more than sell records. Auto-Tune was originally intended to help oil companies find out where oil reserves are save companies lots of money by not having to dig up the group looking for oil when they could find out just where the oil was. Over the course of time, that program evolved into one of the most prominent and recurring effects in the music industry. Although Auto-Tune has its benefits in the music industry, it also has its drawbacks as well. The British television show The X factor had a very controversial week in August when the producers of the show decided to Auto-Tune the voice of one of their contestants. Many people found this outrageous due to the fact that it was a singing competition and the voices of the people they would be paying to vote for were being altered (Blame Cher). This example directly relates to T-Pain because without T-Pain’s use of Auto-Tune, the effect would never have been so popular and would never have been featured on a hit television show. The use of Auto-Tune represents many phonographic effects. The development of Auto-Tune is a direct result of recordability. Without the ability to record music, Auto-Tune would have never been developed and music today would not be what it is. Also, Auto-Tune is a clearly a result of the phonographic effect of manipulability due to its ability to obviously manipulate the way that music sounds T-Pain drastically changed the use of Auto-Tune in pop-culture by paving the way for other artists and taking a pitch-correcting program and turning it into a trademark for himself to be remember by for years to come. Works Cited Antares History.   Antares Audio Technologies. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. . Gleeson, Sinead. LexisNexis ® Academic Library Solutions.   Business Solutions Software for Legal, Education and Government | LexisNexis. 25 Aug. 2010. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. . How Does Autotune Work.   How Does Autotune Work. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. . I Am T-Pain. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. . Reid, Shaheem. T-Pain Says Its Time For Everybody Else To Stop Using Auto-Tune Music, Celebrity, Artist News | MTV.   New Music Videos, Reality TV Shows, Celebrity News, Top Stories | MTV. 9 Nov. 2008. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. . Reid, Shaheem. T-Pain Says Its Time.   New Music Videos, Reality TV Shows, Celebrity News, Top Stories | MTV. 19 Nov. 2008. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. . Soeder, John. LexisNexis ® Academic Library Solutions.   Business Solutions Software for Legal, Education and Government | LexisNexis. 30 Dec. 2008. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. . T-Pain Biography.   T-Pain Home | The Official T-Pain Site. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. . Tyrangiel, Josh. Auto-Tune: Why Pop Music Sounds Perfect TIME.   TIME. com. 5 Feb. 2009. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. .