Analysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral - 1340 Words

Raymond Carver’s characters were considered to be very much like him: â€Å"’on the edge: of poverty, alcoholic self-destruction, loneliness† (Mays 32). His short story â€Å"Cathedral† is about a young couple, who have a visitor coming to stay with them. This visitor, Robert, is the wife’s friend, and he is blind. The narrator, the husband, has never met someone who is blind, was bothered by that. To him, being blind meant constantly needing help from others. His depiction of blindness was what he has seen in the movies. â€Å"I wasn’t enthusiastic about his visit†¦ A blind man in my house was not something I looked forward to,† he tells the reader (Carver 32). His wife on the other hand, was very happy to see her old friend. She had worked for Robert†¦show more content†¦In the beginning of the story, the husband, who is the narrator of â€Å"Cathedral,† seems to be a very ignorant, uncaring man. Nesset wrote â⠂¬Å"Walled in by his own insecurities and prejudices, this narrator is sadly out of touch with his world and with himself, buffered by drink and pot and by the sad reality, as his wife puts it, that he has no ‘friends’† (Nesset 124). The narrator has no connection to himself or the outside world. He has no friends, as his wife points out, which goes to show he keeps to himself, but he still doesn’t fully understand who â€Å"himself† is, because he doesn’t have that connection to himself, thus leading to the drinking and drugs. He wasn’t used to change, so having a visitor come over to his house bothered him. The moment he saw Robert, the narrator began to change. When his wife pulled up with the blind man in the car and they got out of the car, he saw that Robert had a beard and he thought to himself, â€Å"This blind man, feature this, he was wearing a full beard! A beard on a blind man! Too much, I say† (Carver 35). The narrat or had expected to see the blind man in the way they showed them in the movies, but now that his idea of who Robert was as a person was being challenged, the change started to appear. Robert, who is a static character, is very essential in the change of the narrator. It is because Robert is the way he is, his marrying of a colored woman, his travels around theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral1696 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom, or trying to bury alive. Cathedral, written by Raymond Carver, takes place in the early 1980’s. Originally published in The Atlantic Monthly in 1981. Carver slightly revised the story and re-released it in 1983. At a time when the blue collar working class lived paycheck to paycheck, working hard for newfound luxuries such as color television, this short story is humorous and eye-opening for the reader. For adults ranging from thirty to forty years old, the 1980’s were possibly a ghostly, hauntingRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of R aymond Carver s Cathedral 1426 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter Analysis in Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral†: The Narrator Literature has the potential to act as a mirror by presenting people’s lived experiences, expectations, and perceptions through characters. Such is what can be deciphered through the analysis of different characters in Raymond Carver’s story â€Å"Cathedral.† This paper focuses on the narrator of the story portrayed by the author as blind, which is used metaphorically not to imply physical blindness, but the inability to have reasonedRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral 1006 Words   |  5 Pages Gabrielle Sobolewski English 200 Professor Ruth Jennison 11/12/15 The short story â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver is told from the perspective of a first-person narrator. Throughout the story, the narrator is self-absorbed in his own thoughts and emotions and fails in his willingness to overlook personal insecurities in order to accommodate others’ discomfort, i.e. predominantly his wife and the blind man. In general, the story lacks figurative language and is told in short, directRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral 970 Words   |  4 PagesIn Raymond Carver’s short story, â€Å"Cathedral†, we meet the character who is never named, and who is known as the narrator to us. Although the narrator’s character changed towards the end, and we don’t really learn much after the change of his personality, it is still a gradual change that took place. The narrator’s attitude is very important in the story because it revolves around him and the way he views things. This short story is about a m an who is married to a woman, and this woman has been friendsRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral 1097 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 2015 Cathedral by Raymond Carver In this short story by Raymond Carver begins with a man whose wife invited a good friend over named Robert and is blind. Before Roberts Arrival, the wife’s husband, whose name is Bub, does not know what to make out of his wife’s good friend Robert coming over to their house. Carver utilizes a story of a blind man who changes Bub’s outlook in life. Through the narrators changing character, theme of loneliness and jealousy, and the cathedral being a symbolRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral 943 Words   |  4 PagesIn Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral†, the short story is told by a character within the story. The first-person point of view gives us a transparent visual of an important time in the narrators’ life. The narrator, who is â€Å"un-named† in the beginning of the story, uses blunt, flawless and a particular choice of words. This gives us as the reader a deeper connection with the narrator. The narrator begins this story by taking us through the changes he go through with the uneasy feeling of having a blind-manRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s The Cathedral 863 Words   |  4 Pages One of the Raymond Carver story where we can find a lot of religion symbols; it is â€Å"Cathedral.† The story develops an ironic situation in which a blind man teaches a sighted man to truly â€Å"see† for the first time. Near the end of the story, Carver has these two characters work together on a drawing of a cathedral, which serves as the symbolic heart of the story. The cathedral represents true sight, the ability to see beyond the surface to the true meaning that lies within. The narrator’s drawingRead MoreAn Analysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral1794 Words   |  8 Pages A Cynics Enlightenment Raymond Carver’s short-story Cathedral is outwardly about a pessimistic man, whose wife’s blind visitor named Robert changes the narrators predisposing perception of the world and awakes a new view on life in the process. But inwardly, the story is about the desperate need for connection between these three characters, which isn’t feasible do to the emotional-detachment by the narrator. In the beginning, the narrator is hindered by his prejudices which doesn t allow himRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral1524 Words   |  7 PagesAs if someone has unlocked his prison cell to liberate him of his stereotypical point of view. The protagonist of Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† was an individual whose stagnant mind has blind him from truly seeing the aspects and characteristics of people around him. Before meeting his wife’s blind friend whose name is Robert, the protagonist perceives reality with a stereotypical mind-set shaped by m isleading information from movies. Hence, he make judgement about other people without ever settingRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral2364 Words   |  10 Pagesmost. The same could be said about people who are limited by one or more of their six senses and are judged by the majority of the population who are not limited and make preconceived notions about these limitations which can bind them. Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† explores many literary devices that reveal the pre conceived perception towards people with physical limitations without understanding the individual first, which is still a problem today. The protagonist, the narrator is closed minded

Dukes Mbas Cheating Scandal - 997 Words

Duke s MBAs Cheating Scandal While students are overwhelmed with handbooks on plagiarism, school honor codes when they entering a university, cheatings are rampantly detected in university environment. Admittedly, plagiarism and cheating should be seriously punished. However, there do exist controversial cases where some assert that the cases are not considered cheatings, the others argue that they should be considered cheatings. An article named Duke MBAs Fail Ethics Test by Alison Damast appearing in the Business Week Magazine has brought nation-wide attention to a scandal happened at Duke University. The scandal is about thirty-four Fuqua School of Business students who violated the school s honor code by cheating on a†¦show more content†¦These rules have encouraged people to conduct researches on new things. As a result, many inventions are initiated. Contrary to the United States, in my country, which is Vietnam, the rules on plagiarism are very loose. Students will cheat whenever they have a chance. It is so popular to copy theses/dissertations of each other. I feel shamed for my country on this aspect. It restrains creativeness. Besides these two articles, I have read several other comments on the topic. Some people said that if this is a big deal because giving a take-home exam means giving a license to cheat. It is not surprised that students work on group. They may still download data from Internet, pay others to do the exam for them. Therefore, it is a responsibility of faculty to formulate an exam that makes students difficult to collaborate or to search sources from Internet. The Duke s faculty has failed in this assignment because the exam has facilitated an environment to cheat. For me, I agree that it is ideal to have an exam that nobody can cheat. However, in the open-source society, with the aid of modern technology tools, it is hard to avoid cheating if students are dishonest. Even if the exam is held in classroom, students may still cheat by storing materials in Ipods. In addition, for some courses, to test a comprehensive knowledge and in-deep thought, it requires a long hours exam that makes a take-home exam more appropriate. Thus, I think, being a

Working Class Youth and Moral Panic Free Essays

Why has the nineteenth century been associated with ‘a persistent panic over working class youth’? The events of the nineteenth century have often been described as turning points throughout Europe, the subsequent revolutions of the major powers of Europe led to significant change in the countries involved, additionally industrial revolutions and urbanization led to greater city populations. The question about youth firstly must be defined in a manor easily understood. How persistent the panic was is important in addition to this what panic was there. We will write a custom essay sample on Working Class Youth and Moral Panic or any similar topic only for you Order Now From the latter part of the 19th century these issues can be discussed with greater authority, and effects drawn more conclusively. ‘Moral panic’ is considered being a concern for the threat of social order or values as Stanley Cohen and Jock Young have emphasised. The context is vital during this period as British output doubled twice in the 19th century between 1830-1852 and 1852-80 which fundamentally changed Britain in a number of ways, before the revolution its estimated ? of the population lived in rural parts. Working longer for less in factories and higher living costs in an increasing urban country left many with very little. The relentless path that factory owners were able to take due to the government’s laissez-faire attitude led to another social change the breakdown of family life, safety was not an issue only profit, women and children worked hard and for little income. It is also argued that England was the world’s first urban nation, and urbanization meant that the majority of people lived in urban areas according to the consensus of 1861, an inevitable factor in a growing power. The aspects that caused panic- and/or ‘moral panic’- are also an important aspect as well as what led to the reactions of politicians and how the public reacted to youth, which could often be a product of journalism at the time. It should also be explained there was no distinct youth pre 1850’s, children entered adult life as soon as possible working in the various industries. And now there was a growing consciousness of not only the working class but of a ‘youth culture’ one which was ultimately conscious of itself. With this change in society and as problems occurred newspapers took advantage to emphasise story lines which, arguably in turn would lead to ‘moral panic’ to some degree. And as Eileen Janes Yeo explains that some of these ideas were ‘manufactured’ in the light of politicians creating these problems for them themselves to solve through social reform, creating further panic over the youth of tomorrow. An example of this can be seen by the mugging of an MP in 1862 or Garrotting as they were coined, held a small proportion of crimes but a press campaign resulted from this ‘†¦ Garrotte robberies was tiny, the press created sensations out of minor incidents. Parliament responded with ferocious legislation providing for offenders to be flogged as well as imprisoned. ’[1] Later Clive Emsley explains ‘Violence, especially violence with a sexual frisson, sold newspapers. But violent crime in the form of murder and street robbery never figured significantly in the statistics or in the courts. ’[2] This therefore verifies the effects that the press had on panic within a social context to some extent. On the other hand Andrew Davies argues differently agreeing with Humphries point of view in his writings ‘I would strongly endorse Humphries’ assertion that violent youth gangs were not an invention of the late Victorian press. ’[3] It should also be noted that to a degree many Victorian English thought that the Irish or more specifically the poor Irish were responsible for a large proportion of crime in some areas such as Lancashire. With the substantial increase in Irish immigration during the early Victorian period, the host society’s widespread belief in the innate criminality of the Irish-and, more particularly, of the Irish poor-formed an integral component of the negative side of the Irish stereotype’[4] The Dublin weekly newspaper added in 1868 â€Å"Nowhere in England can our countrymen consider themselves safe from English mob violence,† The press therefore had a degree of influence on the panic throughout England regardless of wheth er they overstated events or exaggerated them, which is not to say this was the case in these separate examples. As hand in hand they make the situation worse and can spread panic. There were on the other hand reasons for concern and panic within Britain during this time. There were considered to be many Scuttlers and such like which were not recorded during the time and as James Bent describes in his criminal life: reminiscences of forty-two years as a police officer ‘In the early 1890s, staff at the Manchester Royal Infirmary informed the police that â€Å"scarcely a day passed† Without the admission of someone who ad been injured in a scuttling affray’[5] this shows to a large degree that the presence of the police was either needed or attributed to events occurring and therefore persistent panic could be justified to some degree. In addition to this pick pocketing is considered a skill and thus meant training, which opens a new area of debate. The orphans that were taken in had to work for their lodging and this could be the case with picking pockets. This argues that most youths were pushed into crime due to poverty and unbearable backgrounds. Such was the need for the Ragged schools to bring those who did not have a chance at education for the varying reasons that hindered children in the 19th century. The Metropolitan police force is an important factor in scaling the panic of 19th century England as a centralized force that had more responsibility and imposed increasing numbers of laws is an obvious sign of control regardless of whether it was needed or not. It could be considered to be a reactionary attribute to what was happening whether it was to take precautions or act against the facing problems of youth culture. Increases in police forces in cities can also be drawn from the panic of Gang violence and scuttling. Philip Gooderson certainly argues the case, as for example the Salsford police increasing the force by around 30 in the years 1890-1. The various factory acts of the 19th century could also play a part in delinquency as it meant that less and less children were working therefore would either be in education or on the streets. It should also be considered that children had been taken advantage within industries for a long time and the possible effect this had on youth, the 19th century finally saw a slow and gradual intervention in this through various social reforms with such acts as the chimney sweeps act of 1840, which finally began to be enforced unlike previous reforms which were often ignored, as well as the numerous factory acts which allowed better conditions for children and women and age restrictions. The various institutions that were created during the 19th century are an obvious sign of ‘moral panic’ and clearly show one reason why the 19th century has often be concerned with youth. Schools such as the Ragged schools in 1844, Reformatories in 1854 and finally in 1857 Industrial schools, each of which were to their own as such and have varying ideals. However there are conflicting views upon how delinquents should have been treated, and there are a number of private voluntary additions that drove for a varying unishments opposed to prison, such as, Mary Carpenter, Sydney Turner and Mathew Davenport Hill whom helped in different ways to establish delinquency and aid such effects, this also argues the case for ‘moral panic’ as there were now debates on what was best for delinquents in form of punishments and education. Additionally the social welfare and acts of the 1850’s as well as the education act of 1876 introduced a number of industrial schoo ls and further developments within truant schools. There was a network of 208 schools: 43 reformatories, 132 industrial schools, 21 day industrials schools and 12 truant schools’[6] Heather Shore comments that ‘ The juvenile offender was not, then, an invention of the nineteenth century. However, it is clear that in this period a reconceptualisation of youth crime, and various developments in social policy, as well as the activities of certain individuals, resulted in a new language of youthful delinquency. Juvenile delinquency reiterated throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century’s, even today there is a concern for today and tomorrow’s youth as ideals are lost through different generations, not to mention the rise in knife and dangerous weapon crimes. Gang violence and criminality are still high today in London and other major cities with a similar average age of criminality ‘the average age of a teenager arrested for murder in 2008 (18. 1 yea rs) was four months older than the average age of a teenage murder arrestee in 1960 (17.   years)’[7] despite there being ‘moral panic’ for youth culture during the 19th century it’s not strictly persistent just to 19th century, as it is still of concern today. During the 18th and 19th century children worked for up to 18 hours a day, little or no education was offered as a result right and wrong was not always apparent and this is a contributing factor to delinquency and persistent panic in the 19th century, as modernity took hold of Britain and more liberal and welfare ideas were debated which stemmed concern for youth which had not been fully understood or considered in previous century’s. Bibliography Davies, Andrew youth gangs, masculinity and violence in late Victorian Manchester and Salford, Journal of Social History, Vol. 32, No. 2. (Winter, 1998), pp. 349-369 Emsley, Clive Crime and the Victorians Last updated 2011-02-17 http://www. bbc. co. uk/history/british/victorians/crime_01. shtml 02/02/12 Males, Mike A. Criminals and violent offenders getting older and older†¦ not â€Å"younger† 03/12/2010 http://www. cjcj. org/post/juvenile/justice/criminals/and/violent/offenders/getting/older/and/older/not/younger Accessed 02/03/2012 Pearson, Geoffrey Disturbing continuities: ‘Peaky blinders’ to ‘Hoodies’ ( CJM no. 65 Autumn 2006) Shore, Heather The idea of juvenile crime in 19th century England, History Today, June 2000 Swift, Roger Heroes or Villains? : The Irish, Crime, and Disorder in Victorian England : http://www. jstor. org/stable/4051670 Accessed: 06/03/2012 13:45 ———————– [1] Clive Emsley http://www. bbc. co. uk/history/british/victorians/crime_01. shtml [2] http://www. bbc. co. uk/history/british/victorians/crime_01. html [3] Andrew Davies youth gangs, masculinity and violence in late Victorian Manchester and Salford p. 4 [4] Roger Swift Heroes or Villains? : The Irish, Crime, and Disorder in Victorian England [5] Youth gangs, masculinity and violence in late Victorian Manchester and Salford, p. 5 [6] Heather Shore, The idea of juvenile crime in 19th century England, History Today, June 200 p. 7 [7]http://www. cjcj. org/po st/juvenile/justice/criminals/and/violent/offenders/getting/older/and/older/not/younger How to cite Working Class Youth and Moral Panic, Papers

Conflict and Negotiation Business Development of Capabilities

Question: Describe about the Conflict and Negotiation for Business Development of Capabilities. Answer: Introduction The main objective of this report is to help the students to explore the existing capabilities to develop the key capabilities to manage the others capability in an effective manner. For this assignment, the topic of conflict and negotiation is selected. This report significantly discusses about the definitions, models and theories of conflict and negotiation to develop understanding towards the required skills for managing the situation of conflict during the processes of negotiation. Further, this paper will include the self-analysis that will be conducted on the basis of three diagnostic tools which help in determining two areas for further improvement. Again this report will introduce a development plan for improving two areas on the basis of investigated literature on self-analysis techniques. This plan will also include the actions to improve identified areas through the help of certain goals for measuring the progress of development. Review of Literature In the word of Noma Crossman (2012), conflicts take place between negotiators due to the incapabilities of the involved parties. Some time it takes place due to the differences in the viewpoints that restrict the team members to reach an acceptable result. There are three conflicts that are related to the relationship, task, and process, which takes place among the group members and affect the interaction between them negatively (Sarkar, 2010). Thomas, Thomas Schaubhut (2006) defines conflict as a situation, when parties are not disagreeing to reach an acceptable outcome. In this situation, the use of conflict resolving techniques is mandatory. In the similar manner, Tjosvold (2008) defines negotiation as a process between two or more parties to reach an acceptable outcome and address the interest of each stakeholder in an effective manner. Therefore, it can be stated that the negotiation is a process to handle the situation of conflicting effectively. Hence, managers of organizations use negotiation to manage workplace conflicts. OECD (2012) defines the theory of CDA (conflict-related development analysis) that explains steps to manage and resolve the conflict related issues in a significant manner. As per this theory, the analysis of conflicts, evaluation of existing responses and effective determination of each response is key steps to address conflicts effectively but different competencies are required to execute each step. In the word of Atorough Martin (2008). ThomasKilmann Conflict theory is another theory that gives five different styles to address the conflicts. These are given below: In the context of this theory, an individual has to use different competencies to manage the situations of conflicts. Lebitso (2012) defines interest-based relational approach (IBR) as a tool to negotiate with involved parties during the situation of conflict. This theory clearly says that the situation of conflict can be reached at the negotiation table through the help of respect to differences and good relationship. It means the importance of the opinion and view of others are most important during the communication. Otherwise, conflict may take place. This theory focuses on the importance of interpersonal competencies to ensure the successful address of conflict situations. In the word of Ghorbanshiroudi, etal, (2011), there is the strong relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and conflict management, which lead negotiation between parties. In this context, Goleman has developed four domains of EI that are self-management, social awareness, self-awareness, and relationship management (Ghorbanshiroudi, etal, 2011). Self-awareness needs to competencies to make accurate self-analysis to maintain self-assurance. It needs many competencies for conducting self-management that includes self-control, flexibility, goal-oriented, realization, reliability and initiator. On the other hand, social awareness needs competency to apply understanding and maintaining the awareness towards the organizational issues. In the similar manner, relationship management needs effective communication, teamwork, coaching, collaboration, and mentoring (Ghorbanshiroudi, etal, 2011). This theory defines the skills related to social and emotional for addressing the conflict t hrough the help of negotiating effectively. In the similar sense, Wood Bell (2008) state that leadership skills, decision making capability are essential skills to address the situation of conflicts positively. As a result, an individual may be able to reduce or eliminate the root of the conflict during the negotiation effectively. Daly, etal., (2010) say that an individual needs several competencies for making effective negotiation and management of conflicts. In this context, the self-awareness, adaptability of the situation, mutual communication, understanding, skills to hear others, self-actualization, acceptance, and positive viewpoint are most required competencies in the context of the negotiation process to manage conflicts within the team members. In accordance to Gwakwa, M. (2015), an effective negotiation always facilitates negotiating parties for finding the acceptable solution of each problem. In this context, effective communication based on verbal and non-verbal techniques, emotional intelligence, the capability of problem analysis, skills of stress management are some critical skills, which should have fllowed by a person or manager to manage the mutual conflicts significantly. Thus, the above defined models and theories of negotiation and conflicts play a significant role in the development of required skills to manage the mutual conflicts effectively. Analysis of Self-Capability For conducting the analysis of self capabilities to analyze the capabilities of resolving the issues related to conflicts and negotiating, Belbin Team Inventory, Emotional and Social Competence Inventory (ESCI) and Thomas Khilman Conflict Questionnaire are three more effective diagnostic tools. As per the result of analysis, it can be stated that I am not capable to give support to other people and not able to work in a cooperative manner. Hence, there is strong need to make improvement in skills. The result of first diagnosis (Refer Appendix 1) defines that I use assertive style to address conflict, which defines I use unsupportive behaviour. It means I have to make changes in interpersonal skills to improve its efficiency. I do not care about the view of the other during the mutual communication. The result of the above diagnosis also reveals the similar analysis that means I am poor towards the making of social relationship with others. It means there is a need to make improvement in the interpersonal skills. Above diagnosis also defines that I have to develop the communication skills that will help me to develop the understand towards the issues of team members, their views and attitude before making any decision. In the similar context, the result of diagnosis reveals that there is a need to give the importance to the concerns of others. It means it gives value to self respect rather the respects of others. It means I have to improve this skill. The diagnostic test (Refer Appendix 3) describes that I am not able to manage the problem of the team members due to the less effective people management skill. I do not find the quick solution of every problem due to the panic nature that also increases the stress level. It means I am not able to create the real frame of the problem to find the exact solution. In the same way, Appendix 1 defines that I like to ignore the issues rather finding the solution of each issue. It means I am less capable of analyzing the problems. Therefore, skills of situational analysis have to develop to find the solution of each problem within time. For instance, I get panic, when the member of my team takes leave without informing me. As a result, I do not find me in a situation to get the solution of any problem. Hence, this example clearly explains that there is need to make improvement in the skills related to problem-solving. The analysis result (Refer Appendix 3) also reveals that I have no leadership skills because I am not able to perform a role of a team member, leader or coordinator. I also like to make the decision without listening others view effectively. It means I have to make improvement in the human resource to lead the team members in an effective manner. In the absence of this skill, I may not be able to develop effective workplace relationship with team members that restrict my team by achieving organizational targets timely. Development Plan Through the help of diagnostic tools, it is described that the capabilities related to problem solving and interpersonal relationship require some improvement for enhancing the conflict managing capability to negotiate with the other party effectively. Below is the development plan that can be used for empowering abilities and capabilities to resolve the mutual conflicts: Capabilities Actions Goals Required Time Interpersonal Skills To get the feedbacks of juniors and seniors through the help of regular practice on active listening Listen to everyone before responding them actively Within one month New learning about the different styles and forms of communication for developing the level of understanding through the help of regular participation in group seminars and getting feedback from team members on communication abilities To develop the understating towards the non-verbal and verbal communication Within two months Regular use of stress management through the help of mediation Can able to handle the emotions during the analysis of others behaviour Within Two Months Skills for problem solving Development of knowledge towards the techniques related to problem-solving from self learning through Internet Be able for taking initiatives to offer suggestions to solve problems Within one month By improving the level of knowledge towards the effective techniques of problem-solving with the help of Internet based knowledge Can follow an effective way for managing the problems without stress Within one month By making the analysis of the impact of problems solutions to get new learning Can be able for managing similar problems before the predicted timing Within Three months The above defined development plan will play an effective role to inform the actions for empowering required behaviour, attitude and knowledge level that will help to monitor the impacts of each executed action. The development plan is also an effective tool for making improvement in the personal competencies, which will support the professional and personal life of an individual. Above defined development plans clearly describes the actions, which have to use for making improvement in the interpersonal skills and problem solving skills that will help to manage the actions and behaviour of entire members of the team towards the objective fulfilment. For making improvement in the interpersonal skills, the management of communication, emotion and listening is major areas (Riasi Asadzadeh, 2015). In this context, the above define plan will help to develop the understanding towards the opinion, feeling and views of others that will improve personal behaviour of a person also. This improvement will also encourage the others to find the solution of each problem without affecting the mutual relationship. In this context, the comments of others in regard of listing and communicational skills will help in determining the others perception and impacts of others actions (Throop Castellucci, 2010). In the similar sense, the knowledge of different ways to address the problems during negotiation will also improve the problem-solving skills. It is a well known thought that the effective knowledge helps the individual to make the situation based decisions (Rob Hammond, 2013). In the similar manner, the proper knowledge of problem solving tec hniques will help to select the alternatives as per the situation that will help to follow the situation based attitude for finding the solution of each problem within time. The knowledge of different methods related to the problem solving will encourage entering into every negotiation with the solution of each problem (Schlaerth, Ensari Christian, 2013). As a result, it can be stated that the development plan will help to analyze the behaviour during the problem, which will also help to get the experience for it for future negotiation. For an individual, the process of self-learning is an important term because it will empower the self-managing ability, which improves the responsive power towards the other people. As a result, the problem can be managed through the help of each stakeholder that will also increase the team performance (Ogunyemi, etal., 2010). Then, it can be stated the above proposed development plan may help to address the gap related to capabilities and conflict addressing capability and behaviour that will improve the negotiation skills also. Conclusion Above discussion reveals that the situation based competencies should be used by an individual to address the conflicts positively. As per the above discussion, it can be stated that interpersonal and problem solving skills are two effective skills for dealing with conflict and negotiation. These competencies help an individual to manage the negotiation without conflict therefore; individual should have to improve these competencies because of its direct impact on the thoughts, behaviours and actions of a person. References Atorough, P. Martin, A. (2008). The politics of destination marketing: Assessing stakeholder interaction choice orientations toward a DMO formation, using the Thomas?Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument", Journal of Place Management and Development, 5(1), 35-55. Daly, T.M., Anne Lee, J., Soutar, G.N. Rasmi, S., (2010). Conflict-handling style measurement: a best-worst scaling application.International Journal of Conflict Management,21(3), 281-308. Ghorbanshiroudi, S., Khalatbari, J., Salehi, M., Bahari, S. Keikhayfarzaneh, M.M. (2011). The relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction and determining their communication skill test effectiveness.Indian Journal of Science and Technology,4(11), 1560-1564. Gwakwa, M. (2015). Conflict and violence prevention at work places: is it the grass that suffers? Effects of conflict and violence on individual and organisational performance in Zimbabwe.European Scientific Journal,11(5). Henry, J. (2001). Creativity and Perception in Management. SAGE. Lebitso, M.C. (2012). The World of Work: Challenges for South African Students. AFRICAN SUN MeDIA. NHS (n.d.). Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Style Questionnaire. Retrieved From: https://www.nelacademy.nhs.uk/downloads/604 Noma, H. Crossman, J. (2012). Analogue And Digital Mindsets: Some Implications For Intercultural Communication Between Western And Eastern Organisations. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 17 (1), 115129. OECD (2012). DAC Guidelines and Reference Series Evaluating Peacebuilding Activities in Settings of Conflict and Fragility Improving Learning for Results. OECD Publishing. Ogunyemi, D., Fong, S., Elmore, G., Korwin, D. Azziz, R. (2010). The associations between residents' behavior and the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict MODE Instrument.Journal of graduate medical education,2(1), 118-125. Riasi, A. Asadzadeh, N. (2015). The relationship between principals reward power and their conflict management styles based on ThomasKilmann conflict mode instrument.Management Science Letters,5(6), 611-618. Rob, C. Hammond, M. (2013). Self-directed Learning: Critical Practice. UK: Routledge. Sadri, G. (2012). Emotional intelligence and leadership development.Public Personnel Management,41(3), 535-548. Sarkar, A.N. (2010). Emerging strategic issues in global business negotiation: sharing global vision.Drishtikon: A Management Journal,1(2), 1-36. Schlaerth, A., Ensari, N. Christian, J. (2013). A meta-analytical review of the relationship between emotional intelligence and leaders constructive conflict management.Group Processes Intergroup Relations,16(1), 126-136. Thomas, K.W., Thomas, G.F. Schaubhut, N. (2006) "Conflict styles of men and women at six organization levels", International Journal of Conflict Management, 19(2),148166. Throop, R.K. and Castellucci, M. (2010). Reaching Your Potential: Personal and Professional Development. USA: Cengage Learning. Tjosvold, D. (2008) The conflict-positive organization: it depends upon us. Journal of Organizational Behvaiour, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 1928. Wood, V. Bell, P.A. (2008) Predicting interpersonal conflict resolution styles from personality characteristics. Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 126131.

Techtonic Plates Essays - Plate Tectonics, Tectonics,

Techtonic Plates Lab Report The structure of the earth is made up of many layers, but the crust and the upper mantle make up the lithosphere. The lithosphere is divided into individual sections called plates. The rest of the mantle makes up the asthenosphere. Convection in asthenosphere causes the plates to shift and move about. We can tell where the plates are or have been because volcanoes and earthquakes have their own boundaries when the are active. Tectonic plates have three relationships with each other. The have convergent boundaries when they collide, divergent boundaries when they move apart, and transform boundaries when they slide past each other. The friction and heat caused by the plates sliding all over the place causes volcanoes if it melts the rock and earthquakes if the plates slip while sliding away and towards each other. The purpose of this lab was for us to investigate and learn about the three different kinds of plates. The model was used just like any model; To help us understand the different plates and how they work. The model is a great way to help show something which is confusing to tell in words. The lab was to construct a model showing the different kinds of boundaries. First we needed three worksheets each with a different plate on it, and three tacks to hold the plates in place. With scissors we cut out the plates and then we stuck the tacks through designated holes. With everything in tact you could move the model and see how the three plates slid back and forth against each other. 1. Along the East Rise, the plates spread farthest apart in the south (apposed to the north) 2. A convergent plate boundary exists along the Aleutian Islands of Alaska and also along the Andes Mountains in South America. Since they are convergent boundaries, that means plates around these two areas are colliding. 3. It would take Los Angeles 19,444,444.44 years to reach the location that San Francisco is in now. .6 miles = 1km 350miles La to San Fran 583.33 km =350 miles 583.33/.00003 = 19,444,444.44 1cm = .00001km Although this model was very helpful, it wasn't accurate. First of all, the model didn't show all of the plates on the earth. I think it would be important to see all of the plates to fully understand the plate tectonic theory. The model also doesn't show convection in any way. Convection would be important to show in the model because it and the combined force of gravity's what really moves the plates of the earth. The model doesn't have much identified landscape. There are a couple volcanoes labeled, but there has to be more then one mountain range on the earth.

Raising the Red Lantern essays

Raising the Red Lantern essays This film is a story of something greater than the actual story itself. Set in the 1920s in Northern China, a young girl finds herself involved in something that was not what she had imagined for herself. The main character is Songlian, a 19-year-old Chinese girl, who marries into the Chen Clan only to find herself as one of the four mistresses within a home of tradition and strict order. The geographical setting is appropriate as to the underline theme of the film and that is a feeling of isolation within the walls of the Chen compound. The gray walls of their living quarters strengthens this feeling of isolation experienced by all four women. The only color in their lives is the lighting of red lanterns signifying the sexual wishes of the Master Chen for that evening. The sound effects of bells and Chinese opera serves to enhance the intensity of their longing for real companionship. The relationship between the Master and his four wives is purely sexual. As a result, t he four women compete with one another to sway his affections by conniving and betraying the other for the sake of time spent with the Master. Songlian struggles more than the other wives because she is younger and educated. This is both an asset and a liability for her because the others are very jealous of her and this isolates her even more than the walls. In addition to sharing the Master, each woman including their servants must obey strict rules of the household. These rules act to further control women in an already repressive society of the time. This film is somewhat true to form because women of China especially during this period were very suppressed. Although Chen had wealth, the women were still treated as objects of status without choices or hopes of some kind of personal happiness only sacrifice. This is reinforced by the conversations about the importance of having a son and how having a daughter was considered a wasted birth. ...

Grand Valley Dani Peaceful Warriors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Grand Valley Dani Peaceful Warriors - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the people of the Grand Dani are believed to have resided in this area of New Guinea for centuries, according to Karl Heider. The technology of these people is very limited and the only resources that were basically utilized in the 70’s era were stones and bamboo instruments. Also, their way of preservation deals almost entirely on horticulture for sustenance. Their culture and previous style of life have practically vanished away, due to Western missionaries’ encroachments and the degree of far-reaching variables in the environment due to World War II. The sociological structure of the Dani people differs greatly from American society. They are not totally united as a social network and do not necessarily have to rely on one another’s individual contributions to the clan in order to persevere. The main lifestyle objectives of the Dani women are kept separate from the men. While the men do more technical and constr uctive work, the women’s primary attentiveness is on tending to the children, gardening, tending and feeding the pigs, making salt, and weaving carrying baskets. The work among these people is almost always assigned to gender or in an age categorization. What unites them as a whole is the similarity that they have in regards to their values, beliefs, and rituals. Though it might be hard to believe, the men are the ones that normally weave the skirts that the women wear. Furthermore, they are the ones that also perform the myriad of ceremonies and rituals. The men also build the wood and grass houses and ready the fields by plowing, for the women to be able to plant the sweet potatoes (Heider 2004). One quite notable difference between the Dani people and American’s is the definite lack of specialized skills within their community. The Dani’s primary food source is sweet potatoes, although they do have other fruits and vegetables as well. Their only meat source comes from the pigs that they raise (Heidi 1970). The Dani Valley consists of a huge network of fields which the Dani improvise on and develop into harvested areas for gardening purposes. This is a year round process and there is always a field in the procurement of being harvested (Heidi 2004). Their irrigation technique involves constructing ditches around the fields so that there will be a proper route for excess water to drain. These same ditches are utilized to allow needed water into the harvested fields in the dry season of the Dani Valley. The social organization of the Dani is divided into two groups. The Wida or the Waija, which are the two designated social circles within the community. This simply means that each individual person is an aspectual part of their father’s moiety. They are required to marry outside the moiety that the reside in (Heider 1996). Though this works well for their people and their belief system, there are instances when complications arise among this type of social structure. For example, every Dani is born into the Wida moiety, no matter the specification, of which group, the father is bound too. The separation of social recognition does not occur until marriage, during the pigs feast (Heider 1996). In regards to the political aspects of the Dani people, there are different allegiances. Extended family compounds become part of a large confederation, usually equaling 1000 individuals (Heider 2004). It is the confederations that co-exist in a stable and peaceful, multi unit society. Although they might present more stability in family life, the allegiances among them often change (Heider 1970). There are no written laws or any real legal constraints, unless verbalized. Also, they share the same unique culture and belief system despite what group they are affiliated with. Their belief in marriage has a very distinct variation from an American perspective. They believe in Polygony, which is the custom of having more

Express Delivery Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Express Delivery Sector - Essay Example The performance of the transportation sector – as the broader area in which the express delivery sector operates – has been examined; it is assumed that the specific sector is quite competitive – for this reason it would be appropriately managed in order to increase its attractiveness towards the potential investors. The use of the appropriate CSFs would help the firms of this sector to keep their competitiveness at high levels, despite the market turbulences. 1. Structure of the ‘express delivery sector’ within the wider freight and transportation industry – evaluation whether this is an attractive sector to compete in. In order to understand the position and the performance of the ‘express delivery sector’ within the freight industry, it would be necessary to refer to the characteristics and the performance of this industry – as presented in the relevant literature. The freight industry is an extremely powerful sector; often, the practices of this sector are criticized as of their opposition with the international or the local legal rules. An indicative example of such case is the violation by the truck manufacturers of the anti-trust laws – reference is made to Britain. Such cases, related to ‘air cargo carriers and freight forwarders’ (Handy Shipping Guide 2010), have been developed in Britain. Despite the problems related to its activities, the freight industry is an extremely powerful sector, having the power, if appropriately monitored, to support the growth the economy. In accordance with a series of statistics published in 2007, ‘the amount of fr eight lifted in 2007 (1,869 million tonnes) was three per cent above 2006 (1,813 million tonnes)’ (Department of Transport 2007).... In other words, the industry has managed to stabilize its growth – despite the global crisis. The above fact is highlighted in a relevant report of the European Commission; in the above report emphasis is given on the increase of the ‘EU countries who invested on road freight transport in 2005-2007’ (European Commission 2008) .The potential of the industry to keep its competitiveness at high levels should be taken into consideration when the performance of the express delivery sector – as part of the freight sector need to be measured and evaluated. Moreover, the competitiveness of the freight industry would also lead to the increase of the competitiveness of the express delivery sector; therefore, the evaluation of the attractiveness of the industry would influence the attractiveness of the express delivery sector. Indeed, the trend for continuous growth in the freight industry seems to reflect a relevant trend in regard to the express delivery sector. The above view is based on a report referring to the importance of the express delivery sector for the economy of East Midlands; it is noted that ‘The express industry directly employs over 4,700 people in the East Midlands; Its contribution to regional employment is expected to rise to almost 16,000 by 2014’ (Oxford Economic Forecast, 2006). The Institute of Transport Management presents a similar view– published in 2007; in the relevant report it is sated that the express delivery sector is expected to benefit the British economy by approximately 5 billion each year – reference is made to a long term period, of approximately 20 years. On the other hand, Thompson (2007) notes that the performance of the freight sector is depended on indicators which are not standardized; for

Molecular Biology and Molecular Diagnostics Essay

Molecular Biology and Molecular Diagnostics - Essay Example The magazines are always aimed at the general public, therefore the language employed is standard and can be comprehended by any age group, individual. This paper aims at exploring the form and nature of molecular biology with the particular interest in understanding the interactions between the distinct systems of a cell. The paper will look at the interaction between RNA, DNA, protein biosynthesis, and how the interaction can be used in the diagnosis of a named disease. Molecular biology is concerned with the development, structure, and function of macromolecules critical to life (Carson, Miller, and Witherow, 2012, p. 19). The field digs deeper to explore the role of macromolecules in cell replication and how genetic information is transmitted from one stage of life to another. Basically, molecular microbiology aims at analyzing how the DNA can be manipulated in order to mutate or sequence it. A mutat3d DNA is usually inserted into the genome of a living being to offer some mutation effects caused by the phenomenon. Of late, there has been an increase in the study of molecules (Carson, Miller, and Witherow, 2012, p. 59). The studies have either been direct or indirect in their approach to the study of molecules. Direct studies have focused on the interactions of molecules (cell biology and developmental biology). Other indirect studies have focused on inferring historical attributes of species/masses (populations). A molecular diagnostic is a method that is employed to assess biological markers in an individual’s genetic code (in the genome and proteome). This aspect of cellular microbiology focuses on how the cells of individuals express their genes in the form of proteins. Molecular biology is applied in medical testing to monitor and diagnose diseases, identify risks, and decide on the kind of therapies that will achieve the maximum results (Clark, 2010, 170). ). Molecular biology has contributed to the detection and characterization of the management of disease-causing micro-organisms.  Ã‚  

Improving Tissue Support- Altered Cast Technique

Improving Tissue Support- Altered Cast Technique ABSTRACT Aim: Cast partial denture made using altered cast technique creates an environment in which the teeth and the edentulous tissues support the denture bases as compatible as possible, resulting in a more stable cast partial denture. Background: The tissues of the edentulous ridge in distal extension removable partial denture are liable to be displaced under occlusal pressure. This is a result of the displaceability of the mucosa. The difference between the resiliency of the residual ridge tissues and the teeth causes disparity of support, that causes the denture to rotate about its distal abutment, inducing heavy tortional stresses on the teeth and possible traumatisation of alveolar ridge. Studies have proved that better support and stability can be achieved in distal extension cases using functional impression along with altered cast technique. Case description: The following article is a case report of a distal extension cast partial denture using altered cast technique for better tissue adaptability and stress distribution. Conclusion: For recording Kennedy’s class I and II edentulous areas, optimum residual ridge coverage with a well fitting denture base is required. This reduces stresses, preserving the remaining supporting structures which can be achieved with the use of altered cast technique. Clinical significance: The altered cast technique allows the residual alveolar ridge to be recorded in functional form and relates to the teeth so that when the prosthesis is seated, it derives support simultaneously from the teeth and the soft tissues. Keywords: distal extension, stress distribution, functional impression, altered cast technique. BACKGROUND: The most important consideration in replacement of missing teeth for a distal extension removable partial denture as per DeVan’s statement must be â€Å"the perpetual preservation of that which remains, and not the meticulous replacement of that which has been lost.†1-4. When occlusal forces are applied to distal extension removable partial dentures, the forces must be distributed equally to the abutments and the tissues of the residual ridge.2 This cannot be accomplished on a master cast made from a single impression. A dual impression technique is used in which a â€Å"corrected cast† can be generated which can record and relate the tissues under uniform loading, distribute the load over as large an area as possible and accurately delineate the peripheral extent of the denture base.2 Functional impressions are defined as â€Å"The impression which records the form of the residual alveolar ridge under some loading whether by occlusal loading, finger loading, specially designed individual tray or consistency of recording medium.†5 Several methods may be used for registering the alveolar mucosa in its supporting form. The dual impression techniques are categorised as 1). Physiologic impression techniques. a). McLean-Hindel method, b). The functional reline method, c). The fluid wax method. 2). Selective pressure techniques.2 According to Leupold6 , the functional reline method is accomplished after the denture base has been processed onto the framework. The disadvantage being it requires a greater degree of occlusal adjustment after processing of acrylic resin and so it is necessary to modify the new denture before delivering it to the patient.6 So to overcome this the master cast is altered to accommodate the secondary impression and thus altered /corrected cast is generated.2,6. Cast partial denture made using the altered cast technique helps create an environment in which the teeth and the edentulous tissues support the base as compatibly as possible resulting in a more stable denture that improves the support for the occlusal relationship of the opposing dentition and the removable partial denture restoration.2,3. For preservation of the residual ridge, Becker and his colleagues, critically reviewed the evolution of removable partial denture and outlined six principles for its design which include a rigid major connector, multiple positive rest seats, mesial rests, parallel guide planes, the I-bar clasp design and the altered cast technique.7 This technique has the potential benefits of reducing the number of postoperative visits, preserving the residual ridges, improving stress distribution, decreasing food impaction and decreasing the torquing of abutment teeth leading to increased patient satisfaction.8-11. The following case report will explain the use of altered cast technique used in the fabrication of a distal extension cast partial denture. CASE DISCRIPTION: A 60 year old male patient reported to the Department of Prosthodontics Dr. D.Y.Patil Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai with the chief complaint of missing teeth and difficulty in eating. Extra-oral examination revealed that the patient had an ovoid tapered face, with mild prognathism, competent and thick lips. Patient had a habit of cigarette smoking since 20 years and so was advised to stop the habit. Intraoral examination revealed that there was only one tooth 23 remaining in the maxillary arch and 31,32,33,41,42,43 in the mandibular arch. The teeth were lost due to caries and periodontitis. (fig.1,2) Radiographs were evaluated and the treatment was planned. Tooth supported overdenture for maxillary arch and cast partial denture for mandibular arch was planned. Diagnostic impressions were made in irreversible hydrocolloid (Imprint, DPI). The impressions were poured using dental stone (type III, kalrock) and casts were procured. For the maxillary arch, the canine was endodontically treated. Pattern resin (DPI) was then used to make a Thimble-shaped coping for the canine which will help in additional retention of the maxillary denture. Primary impression was made using irreversible hydrocolloid (Imprint, DPI) and custom tray was made. The coping was then cemented with zinc phosphate cement (Dentsply). Border moulding was done with low fusing compound (greenstick, DPI) and wash impression was made using polyether impression material (3M ESPE). Master cast was poured in dental stone (type III, kalrock). For the mandibular arch, Diagnostic cast were surveyed and cast partial framework design was planned. The design included Lingual Plate as the Major Connector, Modified Ladder shapped minor connector. RPI system was planned for the rests and guide planes on 33 and 43. Mouth preparation was done which included the preparations of rest seats on 33 and 43, guide planes on distal of canines. Composite build up on the mandibular anterior teeth was done for better anterior giudance. Impression was made in a custom tray using medium bodied polyether impression material (3M ESPE) and master cast was poured using dental stone (type III, kalrock). Cast partial denture framework was fabricated on the master cast. The cast partial denture framework was checked on the master cast and in the patient’s mouth for the fit. (fig.3,4). The cast partial framework was used as a part of the custom tray for recording the functional impression. Spacer wax (DPI) was adapted on the saddle area of the framework and acrylic custom tray was made using Self cure acrylic resin material (DPI). The custom tray was checked in the patient’s mouth for correct extension. Border moulding was done using low fusing impression compound (green stick, DPI). Spacer wax was removed to provide space for the wash impression material. Tray was coated with a layer of adhesives so that the elastomeric impression material adheres to it. Wash impression made using polyether impression material (3M, ESPE). The master cast was sectioned into 3 pieces with the help of a hand saw and the distal edentulous area was removed. (fig.5). The wash impression made on the framework was placed on the sectioned master cast making sure that it seats completely in the rest seat areas. (fig 6). The entire assembly was sealed using utility wax to prevent its dislogement or movement during pouring of the cast. Beading and boxing was done around the framework and sectioned master cast and the impression was poured using a different coloured dental stone (type IV, kalrock) to distinguish with distal extension areas. The cast thus obtained was the altered cast. (fig.7). Jaw relation was recorded and teeth arrangement was done. Try in of the maxillary and mandibular trial dentures was done and dentures were fabricated using Heat cure acrylic resin (Leucitone,Dentsply). At the denture insertion stage dentures were checked in the mouth for retention and stability. (fig. 9,10). Post insertion instructions were given and follow up at the interval of 1month and 3 months was done. DISCUSSION: The fabrication of distal extension partial denture is a difficult task since it involves taking support from both the tissues and the teeth. Both of them have different amount of movements when forces of mastication are applied to them. Thus, the use of special impression techniques becomes necessary. However, in some cases, soft tissue displacement is slight. As a result, the functional and anatomic contours of the ridge may be virtually identical. However, that was not in this case. The decision to use dual impression technique along with altered cast technique was determined in the beginning using a test. Here, first the acrylic denture base was made on the diagnostic cast and placed in the mouth and finger pressure was applied to the base. There was some amount of lift seen in the framework suggesting that there was some soft tissue displacement. So by using the dual impression technique we can get a precise and functionally formed denture border and seal.2,3,7,8. The dual impre ssion used is indicated for mandibular distal extension cases because of a limited ridge area, the mobility of the floor of the mouth, to record the stress bearing area and proper peripheral extension.2 There are two categories of dual impression techniques mainly the physiologic impression techniques and selective pressure techniques. Physiologic impression techniques record the tissues of the residual ridge in its functional form by placing an occlusal load on the impression tray during impression procedures. The methods are the McLean-Hindels method; the functional reline method; and the fluid wax method.2 The need for physiologic impressions was first proposed by McLean and others. He recorded the tissues of the residual ridge in a functional form and the remaining teeth in anatomic form. However the disadvantage of this technique being that the dentists could not produce the same functional displacement generated by occlusal forces because of design of tray being used.2,12 In response to this shortcoming, Hindel developed his impression procedure by modifying the tray as a result of which the finished impression was a reproduction of the anatomic surface of the ridge and the surfaces of the teeth. Disadvantage being that the tissues recorded in this technique continue to be in a functional form all the time. This results in compromised blood flow with adverse soft tissue reaction and resorption of the underlying bone. Also sometimes because of this there is presence of premature contacts of the teeth replaced which will not be acceptable to the patients.2,13,14 The Functional Reline technique and the Fluid wax method where fabrication of the distal extension denture is done before and the new surface is added to the intaglio of the denture base afterwards. It can be done in cases where the denture becomes loose. However, as in the earlier methods this method too, has some difficulties mainly, the problems caused by failure to maintain the correct relationship between the framework and the abutment teeth during impression making procedure and also failure in achieving accurate occlusal contact following the reline procedure.1,2,3,15. To overcome this, along with this method corrected cast procedure was used yielding a better result.1,2,3,9,10,15 In the mentioned case report we have made use of the altered cast technique along with selective pressure impression procedure. The main advantage of this procedure is that the framework was ready before we make the final impression and alter the master cast. So the adaptation of the framework to the teeth and the soft tissues doesn’t change after the final impression. Also the other advantages are, 1. Remarkable stability of the denture base in distal extension removable partial dentures. 2. A positive occlusion which will be maintained for long periods of time. 3. Reduced stress on abutment teeth from unfavorable forces. 4. Reduced numbers of post-insertion adjustments.2,7,10 CONLCUSION: Fabrication of a cast partial denture for mandibular distal extension class I cases is a challenge for the prosthodontist. Several functional methods have been proposed for recording the edentulous area and the abutment teeth. An altered cast technique for fabricating cast partial denture was used in the above article. This impression technique helps in registering and co-relating tissues of different resiliency. This improves the stability and support of the denture, resulting in optimal load distribution. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: An altered cast technique is a way better and faster as compared to other techniques. In this technique the cast partial framework is kept ready before the recording of functional impression. Because of the correct fit of the cast partial framework this technique helps in recording the hard and soft tissues in a better way. Thus, it can be routinely utilized for the recording of distal extension area. 1

The Affliction in the Middle Ages :: Diseases Medical Health Essays

The Affliction in the Middle Ages Disease and death are most often associated with the Middle Ages because of the widespread plagues and ignorance of medical knowledge during that time period. It is difficult, however, to ascertain the true nature of illness in the early Medieval Ages because in some written sources, the author’s standpoint distorts the presentation of the disease or cause of a person’s death so that the biological cause is skewed and unattainable. Gregory of Tours, for example, writes about two priests of Sidonius Apollinaris who rebelled against him. Both of these priests died very close to the same time of Sidonius’ death. The first priest died while in the lavatory and the second priest died while listening to a servant’s vision. For the causes of both deaths Gregory gives the credit to God, saying â€Å"the Lord passed this earthly judgement on those two unruly priests† (135). Details about the deaths are not given, but according to Gregory, they are irrelevant because the deaths were acts from God. For the first priest, he writes, â€Å"he went off to the lavatory and while he was occupied in emptying his bowels he lost his soul instead† (134). Moreover, he compared the death to that of Arius’, who was considered a heretic and â€Å"in the same way emptied out his entrails through his back passage in the lavatory,† which signifies that Gregory thinks both men died due to heresy ag ainst God (134). Gregory even says that â€Å"God in his clemency did not permit this insult to go long unpunished† (134). It is evident that the affliction, according to Gregory, is due to God’s hand. Gregory is writing from a Christian standpoint and is a bishop who greatly admired Sidonius, described here as â€Å"saintly† and an â€Å"angel†. Gregory’s agenda is such that he would want to publicize the sins of Sidonius’ enemies while also glorifying God. This may lead him to give transcendent causation for the deaths of these priests. Since the priests and Sidonius died at around the same time, one would think that there is a possibility that they could have died from the same kind of illness. Also, since Arius and the first priest both died while emptying their bowels, it is not entirely improbable that they had been suffering from some type of intestinal or digestive disease that may have been prevalent in the time period.